A lot has been said, written and preached about depression. Many researches and analysis have been made in this regard. Some people feel that it is a stage where one feels similar to a black curtain of despair clouded over their lives. Others feel really irritable and that no energy is left in them to lead a happy life.

When it comes to symptoms of depression, these tend to vary from one person to other. However, when you feel that depression has become an integral part of your life and has not been going away even after two weeks of complete existence, it becomes important to visit a health care practitioner.

Some people are able to overcome depression easily but others take it to heart and get seriously ill. Once, this disorder takes a serious form, it becomes really difficult to handle. However, several treatments are available and the best part is that almost all these treatments are effective and can help the patient to overcome the trauma.

Most people who have once faced a phase of depression in their lives may again experience it in future. Don’t take it lightly if the symptoms persist for too long. Visiting a doctor and discussing your problems with him will help you a lot.

Unfortunately, a lot of people with depression never try to get a professional help. Treating depression is important because the disorder tends to affect your family and loved ones. The treatments given for depression are really effective.

Most people make a mistake of thinking that depression as an untreatable disease. However, the truth is completely reverse. Depression is completely treatable. Some people under depression often try to harm themselves just because they think that their condition will never change. Hence, it becomes extremely necessary to take effective measures to treat this disorder.

Life with depression is not difficult if you learn to manage it or take professional help to treat it. Once you meet a doctor, he may prescribe you different medications according to your health condition. He may also recommend you to see a therapist or even ask you to make certain changes in your lifestyle to come out of the stage of depression.

The patient needs to keep in mind that change will not happen overnight. However, with correct and adequate treatment you can protection yourself from depression and its serious symptoms.

Depression can be caused by a lot of factors. One of the main factors that helps in triggering this disorder is a type of chemical change that affects the functioning of the brain.

Anyone can suffer from depression. However, the condition is more common among men, women and the elderly.

According to a research, about 21 million people suffer from depression. The disorder affects a lot in the way one feels about oneself. The whole process involves the individual’s body, thoughts and mood. In case, a person is depressed, it can affect the sleeping and eating related activities. Feeling blue is entirely different from suffering from depression.

In case, a person with depression is unable to get proper treatment, it is going to affect his life in a different way.

Depression is primarily divided into three main types such as dysthymia, depression and bipolar disorder. Keep track of the symptoms of depression and get it treated on time.



Thanks to Bertil Hjert for contributing this article to our Depression blog:

Antidepressants Effects

 

Depression is perhaps the most common of all mental health problems, currently felt to affect one in every four adults to some degree. Depression is a problem with mood/feeling in which the mood is described as sad, feeling down in the dumps, being blue, or feeling low. While the depressed mood is present, evidence is also present which reflects the neurochemical or “brain chemistry” aspects of depression with the depressed individual experiencing poor concentration/attention, loss of energy, accelerated thought/worry, sleep/appetite disturbance, and other physical manifestations.

Depression is a serious medical condition, which can lead to suicidal thoughts and behavior. Children, adolescents, and young adults taking antidepressants may be at increased risk for suicidal thoughts and behavior within the first few months of treatment. This risk must be balanced with the medical need. Those starting medication or changing doses should be watched closely for suicidal thoughts, worsening of depression, or unusual changes in mood or behavior. In children and teens, Zoloft is only approved for use in those with obsessive-compulsive disorder. A patient Medication Guide about “Antidepressant Medicines, Depression and Other Serious Mental Illnesses, and Suicidal Thoughts or Actions” is available.

Treatment and symptoms of Depression:

Symptoms of Depression:

Dysthymia is less severe than major depression but usually goes on for a longer period, often several years. There are usually periods of feeling fairly normal between episodes of low mood. The symptoms usually do not completely disrupt one’s normal activities.

Bipolar disorder involves episodes of depression, usually severe, alternating with episodes of extreme elation called mania. This condition is sometimes called by its older name, manic depression. The depression that is associated with bipolar disorder is often referred to as bipolar depression.

Major depression is manifested by a combination of symptoms (see Symptoms below) that interfere with the ability to work, sleep, eat and enjoy once pleasurable activities. These symptoms occur without any apparent cause and deepen and persist day-in and day-out for two weeks or longer.

Disturbed thinking, a symptom developed by some severely depressed persons. For example, severely depressed people sometimes have beliefs not based in reality about physical disease, sinfulness, or poverty.

Physical symptoms, such as headaches or stomachaches.

The symptoms of Dysthymia are:

poor school/work performance

social withdrawal

shyness

irritable hostility

conflicts with family and friends

Treatment for Depression:

The wrong diagnosis. It’s not always easy to diagnose depression and other mental disorders. In particular, some forms of bipolar disorder are commonly misdiagnosed as depression because manic phases may be less pronounced while depression phases are more pronounced — it may look more like depression.

Your social or life situation. If you’re under constant stress or anxiety because of situations in your life that aren’t getting better, medication alone might not help. These situations may include relationship trouble, financial instability or inadequate housing, for example. In addition, a childhood marked by severe adversity — such as abuse or neglect — can continue to affect you throughout adulthood.

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors(SSRIs): This class of antidepressants works by selectively keeping increased levels of serotonin available in the brain. Although there is no evidence that any of the SSRIs are more effective than the older antidepressants, individuals who take SSRIs appear to experience fewer side effects. As a result, the SSRIs are often tried first and have become the most commonly prescribed class of antidepressant.

 



Thanks to james sameul for contributing this article to our Depression blog:

How To Deal With Depression

Depression

Monika Nigam

Introduction:

Human nature varies throughout the world. The perception and understanding of the situation by an individual depends upon diverse issues. Grasping and tackling these matters require intellect and prior experiences, but occasionally situation turn out to be beyond the controls and this leads to hopelessness, despair and anguish called depression. The condition if ignored becomes devastating. Depression is severe medical condition that engrosses the body, mood and thoughts. It can affect person’s outlook, routine activities, behaviour and conduct. It can change the overall personality. Individual(s) with such illness cannot simply “put themselves together” and get better

Reasons that sow the seed of depression:

In this competitive epoch and demanding life, stress cannot be evaded. Every single person is striving to meet the challenges and prove one’s worth; unable to do so germinates the seed of depression. As a result, depression is becoming prevalent, affecting 1 in 8 people in a population. It is irrespective of colour, caste, creed, economy, age etc; studies show that it affects females more than males. It is a multifactorial condition, contributed by genetics, environment, events in life, socio-economic reasons, any medical condition(s) and the reaction of an individual to situation

Genetics: Some individual get this in their inheritance although it doesn’t always hold true as some individuals even though they receive in their genes, show no signs of the same while others despite of no family history show severe symptoms of depression.

Environment: the phenotypic characteristics of an individual are the implications of environment. Reaction to a particular situation and taking hold on the same not only demands intelligent but also exposure that environment provides.

Life events: the demise of a close member either in a family or a friend or separation of parents, changing school of kids all these can be the contributing factors for depression.

Family and Social Environment: the family atmosphere is the vital part of life, after facing the stress outside; the cosy, comfortable and motivating atmosphere puts together all the lost energy to face out all the defies. Any compromised living condition like poverty, homelessness and violence, may affect the self-esteem of a person and can build up the situation of depression.

Medical Conditions: Numerous medical conditions, especially that affecting hormone balance and alter mood can cause depression e.g. hypothyroidism. Treatment of these medical conditions relieves depression. At teens hormonal changes affect the school performance and cause depression.

How the brain responds to depression:

Brain is a complex network of nerve cells. The message between these nerve cells is communicated by the chemicals called neurotransmitters. Some of these neurotransmitters regulate mood and their decreased or inhibited level (or interruption of anatomical pathways in brain or as a consequence of treatment with certain drugs) bring anxiety, stress and depression. In such cases depression may be referred as an organic mood disorder. Balance of neurotransmitters is affected by stress.

Organic Affective Disorder: These are the diseases that may cause affective disorders by direct action on the brain.

1.Neurological: Cerebrovascular disease, Cerebral tumour, Multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s 

    disease, Huntington’s chorea, Alzheimer’s disease, Epilepsy.

2.Endocrine: Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism, Cushing’s syndrome, Addison’s disease,

    Hyperparathyroidism.

3. Infections: Glandular fever, Herpes simplex, Brucellosis, Typhoid, Toxoplasmosis.

4. Connective tissue disease: Systemic lupus erythematosus

5. Malignant disease

6.  Drugs: Reserpine, Phenothiazines, Phenylbutazone, Corticosteroids, oral contraceptives,

    Interferon

7.  Organic cause for Psychiatric Disorder

 Types of Depression: three main depressive disorders are-

Major Depression: also called as major depressive disorder (MDD). One of the major reasons for suicide and disability is depression. The result could be either due to medical illness or due to unexplained symptoms. The day-to-day activities are affected especially the capability to work, sleep, eat and take pleasure in any kind of entertainment. It can occur only once but is episodic. Chronic condition may necessitate indefinite treatment. Dysthymia: also called as dysthymic disorder. It could be enduring, though not disabling but protect the proper functioning and to sense good. Individuals suffering from Dysthymia may also experience major depressive disorders during their lives. Bipolar disorder: also called as maniac-depressive illness. The major symptoms are cycling mood changes like a wave. There could be severe highs called as mania and lows called as depression, flanked by intermittent normal mood. When the individual is in depressed mood then it depicts all the symptoms of depression on the contrary when in the manic cycle, the individual may be overactive, overwhelming with energy, over- talkative. It is because of this behaviour the thinking ability, judgement for a particular situation and also social deeds are badly influenced. This brings serious inconveniences and embarrassment.

Symptoms of Depression: There is a disparity in the symptoms among the individuals and also there is a discrepancy between the sexes. Depression is present in quarter to half of all medical patients (Davidson’s principle and Practice of Medicine). They can be categorized as:

Psychological

Importunate sad, worried or empty mood Reduced self-esteem Feeling of hopeless, pessimism Feeling of guilt, worthlessness and helplessness Loss of interest or pleasure in hobbies and activities that were once enjoyed (anhedonia) Suicidal thoughts or suicide attempts

Somatic

Decreased energy, fatigue, being “slowed down”  Difficulty concentrating, remembering and making decisions                                                                                                                                                          Trouble sleeping, early morning awakening or over sleeping Appetite and /or weight changes Restlessness, retardation and irritability Persistent headaches, digestive disorders and chronic pain that do not respond to routine treatment. Loss of libido Bowel disturbance

Management & Treatment: Depression is treatable. First step is realization (find out patient’s concerns and also provide an appropriate explanation and reassurance) and physical examination to prevent the onset of other symptoms. Secondly, a differential diagnosis is important as depression is outcome of adverse circumstances in vulnerable persons. The imperative part is differentiation of an adjustment disorder with depressed mood from depressive disorder. Adjustment disorders are transient reactions to adversity. Whereas, depressive disorders are characterised by more severe and persistent mood disturbance.

Medication and short-term psychotherapies including “talking” therapies are effective for the treatment of depression. Severe and recurrent conditions of illness require a combination of treatment for best outcome. The treatment may have to be continued once a person starts feeling better.

 Depression has some correlation with the ageing; it could be implicated with the illness, loss of memory and forgetfulness, feeling lonely or may be other psychological reasons. The psychotherapy of the patients and creating positivity in them help them to come out of depression and suicidal tendency.

It is my personal experience that if the factors causing depression in the person are not reminded to him rather reminding all the positive things what he has and what he is worth for brings lost confidence and zeal to live a great life! The close members’ understanding plays a very crucial role, as constant feeding of positivity and maintaining a joyful and encouraging atmosphere can keep the patient away from depression and suicidal thoughts and he will understand the significance he has in others life and how important he is for the society!



Thanks to Monika Nigam for contributing this article to our Depression blog:

Treatment Resistant Depression