Major Depressive Disorder - commonly referred as depression - is an illness that involves the body, mood, and thoughts. It is not to be confused with a passing blue mood - depression can have severe repercussions in the person’s way of life. It affects a person’s appetite, sleep, and work. It affects relationships and how a person feels about himself. Depression is not a sign of weakness, or a condition that can be willed or wished away. One cannot merely change things in a snap - sans treatment, symptoms can last for days, weeks, months, or even years.

Types of Depression

Depressive Disorder comes in different forms. Three of the most common types of depressive disorders are major depression, dysthymia, and bipolar disorder - it is instructive to note that within these types are variations in the number of symptoms, persistence, and how severe they are.

Major Depression is evidenced by a combination of symptoms that interfere with one’s ability to live a normal, productive life. A disabling episode of major depression may occur only once, but it more commonly occurs several times in a person’s lifetime.

Dysthymia is a less severe type, but nonetheless keeps one from functioning well. It involves chronic, long-term symptoms that do not disable and leaves one feeling miserable. People suffering dysthymia also experience major depressive episodes some time in their lives.

Bipolar disorder, also called manic-depressive disorder, is not nearly as prevalent as the other forms of depression. It is characterized by cyclical mood changes - severe highs (mania) and severe lows (depression). Mood variations are sometimes rapid and dramatic, but most often are gradual. An individual in the depressed cycle can have any or all of the symptoms of a depressive disorder, and when in the manic cycle, the individual may be overactive and have a great deal of energy. Mania often affects judgment, social behavior, and thinking - which lead to embarrassment and serious problems. Left untreated, mania may worsen into a psychotic state.

Symptoms of Depression

- Appetite and/or weight loss or overeating and weight gain

- Constant feelings of emptiness, irritability, sadness, or tension

- Decreased ability to concentrate or make decisions

- Decreased energy

- Difficulty in remembering

- Fatigue

- Feelings of guilt, helplessness, hopelessness, pessimism, and worthlessness

- Insomnia, early-morning awakening

- Loss of interest or pleasure in activities and hobbies that were enjoyed before, including sex

- Oversleeping

- Persistent physical symptoms that do not respond to treatment, like chronic pain, digestive disorders, headaches

- Restlessness

- Thoughts of death or suicide, sometimes with suicide attempts

Causes of Depression

Depression has no singular cause - it is often a result of a combination of factors. Whatever the cause, depression is not a mere state of mind - it is correlated to physical changes in the brain, and connected to an imbalance of a particular chemical that transports signals in your brain and nerves. These are the neurotransmitters.

Factors Involved in Depression

Family: Genetics play a crucial role in depression. It can run in the family for generations, suggesting that a biological vulnerability can be inherited - often the case in bipolar disorder. Major depression seem to occur generation after generation in some families, but it can also occur in people who have no family history of the illness. Inherited or not, major depressive disorders are often associated with variations in brain function and brain structure.

Pessimistic personality: People with low self-esteem, those who consistently view themselves and the world with negative thoughts, or those who are readily overwhelmed by stress are at a higher risk of becoming depressed. These traits may actually be caused by dysthymia.

Physical conditions: Researches through the years have shown that physical changes in the body can be accompanied by mental changes as well. Serious medical conditions like cancer, heart disease, and HIV can contribute to depression, in part because of the physical stress and weakness they bring. Depression can worsen medical conditions, weakening the immune system and making pain more unbearable. The patient loses desire to care for himself, which leads to more complication. In some cases, depression is a side effect of medications used to treat medical conditions.

Stress and Trauma: Major changes in life - breakup from a relationship, death of a loved one, financial problems - can bring depression. Even positive changes like graduating from school getting married, or starting a new job can cause depression.



Thanks to Ted Goodman for contributing this article to our Depression blog:

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Always feeling under the weather? Always not in the mood to be around others and have a good time? If you’re suffering from prolonged sadness for quite some time now, you should face these bouts of depression and get yourself diagnosed by a psychiatrist, they’re doctors who can actually help you out with your problem. Not to mention the various depression treatments, as well as all sorts of depression medication that doctors prescribe to their depression patients.

Fortunately depression can now be cured, especially when diagnosed early, depressed individuals can actually be treated through therapy and depression medication, although it may be a bit costly, a person’s good mental health is something that shouldn’t be scrimped on. Cognitive behavioral talk or interpersonal talk are incredibly healthy depression treatments that are just some of the available psychosocial depression treatments that cognitive behavior therapists can offer to their patients, both actually prove to be able to produce fruitful and positive results even for just short-term sessions, around ten to twenty weeks are almost always, already enough to get a depression patient slowly begin their recovery towards a sound mental health.

Before getting started with depression medication, the depression patient must first get him or herself to a reputable doctor, get a diagnosis of which type of depression the patient is actually suffering from, may it be clinical depression, manic depression or what-have-you. It’s best that you’re sure what you’re actually dealing with since there are various depression medications that are available in the market, you should make sure that you get the most appropriate one, the one that’ll actually cure your depression illness.

There’s actually a wide variety of anti-depressant depression medications available to help treat those who are suffering from depressive disorders. The more popular ones are those that are of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or SSRIs variant then there are the tricyclics while the other popular variant is the monoamine oxidase inhibitors or MAOIs. These depression medications (the SSRIs variant as well as the other newer depression medication available in the market) actually to be a much safer alternative than the tricyclics, since they have fewer side-effects as opposed to the tricyclics depression medication variant.

Sometimes, doctors actually find it more effective to mix up these depression medications, depending on the needs of the individual, the doctor might actually prescribed a variety of depression medication to help cure one’s depression illness. Also the dosages of depression medication can actually be increased or lowered depending on what the doctor finds to be the most effective. However, when it comes to taking these depression medications, patients are highly advised to never mix up depression medications as well as pick out which dosages to take without consulting their doctors first.

Anti-anxiety or sedatives however, should never be mistaken as depression medication. Even though these anti-anxiety drugs are often prescribed along with depression medication, they don’t actually help cure one’s depression illness. Their mere purpose is to help calm one’s nerves which is why depression medications are still needed to be taken by the depression patient.

There are actually some common side-effects from depression medication, usually coming from the tricyclic variety. Some people tend to not mind these side-effects from depression medication, however if it does become to much of a bother and may end up ruining one’s ability to function properly, it’s best to go immediately to your doctor and report the side-effects. Quite common side-effects from depression medication are the following:

Dry mouth: always having the irritating feeling of being hydrated, it’s best to always have some (clean, drinking) water nearby so as to have something to drink whenever dry mouth occurs, chewing sugar free gum as well as brushing your teeth after every meal is also a good idea.

Constipation: cure such discomfort by eating and taking in a lot of fiber to help aid your digestion.

Blurry vision: another temporary side-effect, this one’s quite easy to pass but if it proves to be too much of a bother, consult your doctor immediately.

Headaches: quite common with the newer kinds of depression medication, it’s really not a big deal and will actually go away easily.

Insomnia: first-time users may actually experience this depression medication side-effect but it usually just happens during the first few weeks of taking the depression medication, asking your doctor to lower the dosage of the depression medication may actually help you with this side-effect, as well as the time of day wherein you take your depression medication can actually have something to do with your sleeping problem.



Thanks to John Samson for contributing this article to our Depression blog:

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